I take a pretty basic approach. (I am still learning) The authors talk about Range/REM extensively in PNL. During a hand, when your opponent acts, basically do a quick mental checklist of the possible realistic hands your opponent could have given their action and position, and quickly see how many of those hands beat you. If your hand beats the majority of his list, move forward. If most of his range beats you, put the brakes on, or proceed with caution. (unless you put your opponent on a bluff or you are bluffing yourself of course)
This sounds very simple, and it is. Yet alot of times you forget to run through this list in the heat of battle with so many things going through your head. Very basic, but it's amazing how much it helps in the middle of a big hand.
Also, if you play online, tracking systems with a HUD like Hold'em Manager will really help you narrow their range even more based on your opponents tendencies. For example, opponents with a high VPIP% and Aggression factor, often have a very wide range of hands, especially in certain positions. You can often exploit them with stong hands and 3 bets. Tight players with low VPIP% and aggression factors are often on a very narrow range. Be careful in pots in which they raise, they usually have the goods and are not folding. However, you can make up for it by stealing small pots from them all day long when they don't hit their hand.
Disregard if that was too elementary, you may be miles past this 101 logic 